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Background: Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and the need for social distance, the use of e-learning has become essential. The use of e-learning has always been associated with many challenges. Considering the importance of this issue and the lack of a study on virtual education in social media, the purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction level of staff of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, with virtual education provided through social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted in 2020 using cluster sampling method on 300 staff of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in the occupational groups of health workers, health care providers, experts, physicians, and staff experts. The data collection tool was a validated questionnaire from other studies and was provided to the participants virtually. This questionnaire contained 6 demographic questions and 17 questions related to the satisfaction of the subjects. The questionnaire had three sections: training course content, training presentation method, and training program through virtual media. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software and various statistical tests. Findings: The lowest level of satisfaction was related to educational content with a score of 17.59 and educational method with 25 scores had the highest level of satisfaction. In general, the level of satisfaction with e-learning in women was higher than men, but this relationship was not significant (P > 0.05). In addition, the health care group had the highest and the expert group had the lowest overall satisfaction score of the training provided. Conclusion: The results indicate that the level of total satisfaction is approximately high, so in addition to education, special attention should be paid to its quality. Evaluating the opinions of Kashan Health Department staffs about the quality of education in the virtual context is not only a criterion for evaluating the quality of teaching but also focuses on the possibilities and necessities of improving and evaluating education by discovering educational shortcomings. © 2022, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.
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Background and Objective: One of the basic strategies to reduce the prevalence of diseases among people in society, especially children and adolescents, during the epidemic of COVID-19 disease, is to observe hygiene and personal protection behaviors. The present study was conducted to determine the level of compliance with health protocols in primary schools of Ilam city during the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in 1400-1401. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in primary schools of Ilam city with a statistical sample of 49 schools (25 girls' schools and 24 boys' schools). In this study, the 2019 new coronavirus disease care and control checklist was used in schools, which has 15 questions with a total score of 100. Data with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and T-Test statistical tests using SPSS software. V21 was analyzed. Results: The results of this study showed that the highest and lowest scores are respectively related to the parameters of school health assessment before reopening (100 percent) and screening of people in terms of vaccination by PCR test (zero percent). The average score of compliance with the checklist was 74.3 in girls' schools and 74.38 in boys' schools. Also, the results of the T-Test showed that there is no significant relationship between the mean scores of girls' and boys' schools (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the score obtained for compliance with the checklist parameters of all schools in Ilam city is less than 85 points, and the main reason for this is the non-compliance of the screening parameter of people in terms of vaccination/PCR test in schools. © 2023 Iranian Association of Environmental Health, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
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Background: In recent years, the world has faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a significant increase in the use of antibiotics to control the COVID-19 and other secondary infections. The non -biodegradable characteristics of antibiotics and their residues in the environment leads to increased microbial and drug resistance. Therefore, due to the high importance of antibiotics, two antibiotics, ampicillin and penicillin G, were studied in Isfahan municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).Methods: Sampling was performed for two months during 13 sampling periods and antibiotics were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector (HPLC/UV) instrument.Results: Ampicillin and penicillin G were identified in all samples taken from the both WWTPs. The average concentration of penicillin G in WWTP E and S at the influent, effluent and its removal efficiency were 1050.54 +/- 761.43 ug/L, 52.89 +/- 49.27 ug/L, 89.80 +/- 19.42%, 2055.12 +/- 1788.08 ug/L, 143.01 +/- 162.59 ug/L and 82.76 +/- 21.85%, respectively. Also, the average concentration of ampicillin in WWTP E and Sin the influent (796.44 +/- 809.6 and 447.1 +/- 322.39 ug/L), effluent (48.94 +/- 24.25 and 90.31 +/- 75.91 ug/L), and its removal efficiency (86.22 +/- 19.84% and 66.85 +/- 24.88%) were determined.Conclusion: In two studied WWTPs, the concentration of antibiotics was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison with previous studies. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the concentration of antibiotics in WWTPs (P < 0.05). Also, the statistical results indicated that the correlation is not significant between removal efficiency of antibiotics and removal efficiency of wastewater main parameters.